There is a profound mystery currently throwing cosmologists worldwide into a state of panic. It is the "Hubble Tension."
The "Hubble Constant ( \(H_0\) )" indicates how fast the universe is expanding.
When calculated from the light emitted just after the universe's birth (the Cosmic Microwave Background, or CMB), it is "about 67.4."
However, when measured directly using supernovae in the present, late universe, it jumps to "about 73.0."
This desperate discrepancy becomes more pronounced as observational precision improves, pushing modern cosmology to the brink of collapse: "Is one of the observations wrong?" or "Is there an unknown dark fluid we don't know about?"
However, the Intergeometric Theory puts an end to this debate.
Neither observation was wrong. No unknown dark fluid is needed.
This discrepancy is a universe-scale "Scale Illusion," caused entirely by physicists assuming that "dark energy never decreases."
1. A Perfect Calculation of the Early Universe, but "Unbalanced Books"
First, let's calculate the energy density of the universe ( \(\rho_0\) ) from the first principles of this theory. (Note: 1 represents the ratio of matter, and 2 represents dark energy. See [another article] for details.)
Since matter dilutes as the universe expands, it is corrected by the inverse square of time \((t_s/t_0)^2\). Furthermore, the energy of matter is decreasing according to the "Cosmic Energy Decay Rate ( \(\chi_0=89\%\) ).
\[\rho_0=\frac{\left(\frac{t_s}{t_0}\right)^2\chi_01+2}{81}\times\frac{M_H}{\frac{4\pi}{3}\left(Wl_H\right)^3}\]
When we plug this density into Einstein's Friedmann equation to calculate the Hubble constant, we get \(H_\text{0(early)}=67.456\text{ km/s/Mpc}\), which perfectly matches the "early universe observation (67.36)" predicted by the CMB.
So far, perfect. However, when we check the "accounting book" of the universe's energy, we notice something strange.
The universe is a giant virtual particle existing on an energy "credit line" borrowed in advance from the empty vacuum. (See [the article on the universe's lifespan]).
The vacuum energy (the Higgs vacuum expectation value ν ) must decrease by the exact amount of energy the universe has borrowed:
\[\nu=2M_H−\left(\frac{3\chi_0}{81}\right)M_H\]
Look inside the parentheses ( ). It says " \(3\chi_0\)". This means that from the vacuum's perspective, both matter (1) and dark energy (2)—the total (3)—are equally decaying by the rate \(chi_0\).
However, in the equation for the universe's density \(\rho_0\) earlier, it was written as " \(...\chi_0 1+2\) ".
While matter (1) is decaying, dark energy (2) is not multiplied by \(\chi_0\), making it appear as though it hasn't decreased at all.
The vacuum claims, "I decreased dark energy too," but observational data of the universe claims, "Dark energy hasn't decreased." As it stands, the energy budget does not balance.
2. "Stretching the Ruler" to Balance the Books
The law of energy conservation cannot be broken.
In the actual universe, the vacuum is telling the truth: "Dark energy is also decaying by \(chi_0\)."
But why does our observational data ( \(\rho_0\) ) match the equation where dark energy doesn't decay?
It is because modern physicists have built the "ruler (scale)" used to observe the universe on the premise that "dark energy is the energy of space itself, and its density must remain absolutely constant (invariant) even as the universe expands."
What happens when you try to observe "decaying dark energy" while stubbornly believing "it is constant"?
To reconcile the true reality ( \(3\chi_0\) ) with the state the observer believes in ( \(\chi_0 1+2\) ), one has no choice but to interpret (illusion) that the entire universe has expanded extra to dilute the energy.
The magnification factor of that "scale illusion" can be uniquely calculated from the ratio of the two:
\[\frac{1\chi_0+2}{1\chi_0+2\chi_0}\approx 1.07987\]
In other words, "one tick mark" on the ruler we are using to observe the universe has been stretched by about 1.08 times compared to the true reality of the universe.
3. The End of the Hubble Tension
This is not thermodynamic expansion; it is purely a "Scale Illusion" of spatial scales.
If you are under the illusion that the tick marks on your spatial ruler are 1.08 times larger, it means the distances to all celestial bodies there, and their receding expansion speeds, also appear 1.08 times faster.
Now, let's multiply the early universe's Hubble constant (67.456) by this illusionary magnification factor:
\[H_\text{0(late)}=\frac{1\chi_0+2}{1\chi_0+2\chi_0}\times H_\text{0(early)}\]
\[H_\text{0(late)}\approx 1.07987×67.456=73.017\text{ km/s/Mpc}\]
(Note: Adding a minute correction for mass defects in matter brings it precisely to 73.491.)
How about that?
It perfectly matches the direct observational value of the current (late) universe measured using supernovae: "about 73.0."
Neither observation was wrong.
The light from the early universe (CMB) accurately reported the "true expansion of the universe (67.4)," while modern supernovae accurately reported the "expansion stretched by the scale illusion (73.0)."
The Hubble Tension was not the collapse of physics. It was merely a grand illusion caused because we were observing the universe through the prejudiced glasses that "dark energy is eternally invariant."
